Pukhtunkhwa Journal

Analyzing Ikramullah Gran's Poetry in The Context of Philanthropy

2024-02-22T06:47:39+00:00

It is evident that all the poets in general and the Pashto poets in particular have incorporated the theme of philanthropy in their works. Hailing from Charsadda district, Ikramullah Gran is one of those poets. Gran Baba's poetry, while encompassing various sub-themes other than Romanticism, prominently emphasizes philanthropy. His works convey a message underscoring the significance of self-respect, emphasizing the need for humane behaviour towards others. This article delves into the exploration of philanthropic themes within Ikramullah Gran's poetry.

Voyage of Pashto Travelogue in District Malakand

2024-02-22T06:35:56+00:00

Travelogue has come over a long a way and evolved into a distinct genre in its literary journey. Travelogue explores not only the geography and topography of a particular area but also gives a wealth of information about the culture, values and traditions of local population. Pashto language like its other local and global counterparts has travelogues that have enriched the treasure trove of its literature. Swat Nama of Khushal Khan written in verse is one such inaugural milestone in this expedition. Likewise Muhammad Nawaz Tahir is the first to sail his ship in the extensive waters of Pashto travelogue in Malakand. This paper explores the voyage of Pashto Travelogue (some published and certain unpublished) in Malakand in a terse but comprehensive manner. This surely will benefit even the least avid readers of Pashto literature.

Teachers Perception Regarding Role of Technology in English Language Learning At Secondary Level

2024-02-22T06:32:40+00:00

This study is about “Teachers perception regarding role of technology in English language learning at secondary level ‘’gain the outcomes for the study following objectives. i) To examine teacher’s perspective on the use of technology is enhancing English instruction. ii). To determine how technology is enhancing English language instruction. iii). To investigate the advantage and disadvantage of using technology in the classroom. The research design is a descriptive survey. The present research study was aimed to investigate teacher perception regarding role of technology in English language learning at secondary level in District Malakand Khyber Pakhtunkhwa . In the present research a quantitative approach was adopted. The instrument for gathering data was an adapted standardized questionnaire. A descriptive analysis was performed on the gather data. The data was collected through an instrument out of the sampled population. The collected data was analysed through SPSS and result was inferred upon. The result was tabulated after applying different statistical tests. Teachers positive sentiments regarding the use of technology are revealed by the survey and interview protocol utilized in the study. Nonetheless the distinction in how different teachers use technology might be attributed to their proficiency. Although technology is useful in teaching and learning environment, Malakand District schools do not employ it to its full potential. The result emphasis how little technology is used because there are not enough resources. Lack of training and absence of tools. The study offered several suggestions for the efficient of technology in language instruction and the elimination of any potential obstacles to its usage by Malakand District teachers.

Pashtun’s women's melodic voices regarding the barriers to getting into love marriages

2024-02-22T06:26:14+00:00

This study delves into the lyrical compositions and vocal expressions of Pashtun women, spotlighting the impediments they face in pursuing matrimony with their chosen partners. Rooted in Pashtun folklore, these melodic voices serve as poignant reflections of cultural narratives. The article systematically explores these practices within the Pashtun community, offering insights into their cultural significance. Additionally, the study proposes targeted recommendations to alleviate and eradicate these prevailing practices, contributing to the discourse on cultural evolution and societal progress.

Resistance Themes in Pashto Tappa

2024-02-22T06:21:57+00:00

Pashto folk literature is very rich and vibrant comprising various genres in which Tappa is a significant one. This genre has been used in Pashto language since times immemorial highlighting various aspects and issues of Pakhtun society. Tappa has evolved through different phases of history and has been used by people on various occasions. Resistance to foreign aggression has always remained a key feature of Pakhtun society and this resistance to external invaders has persisted a major theme in Pashto Tappa. Pakhtun men as well as women have used it for invoking the sentiments of the people as well as instigating their countrymen and their beloved/ spouse against the foreign aggressors. It has been sung by Pakhtun women especially at the times of wars/ crisis to keep their men firm and steadfast. Nevertheless the resistance themes in this folk genre is not only limited to invaders (belonging to same or different belief system), it shows resistance in other domains of Pakhtun’s social life like gender. Historical events like colonialism on Pakhtun land and different wars have contributed to the increasing treasure of this genre of folk literature.

The technical and conceptual study of the novel ‘Jangzad’

2024-02-22T06:16:55+00:00

Jangzad is a novel written in Pashto language by Mian Latif Shah Shahid .

Besides this,Shahid has authored a number of books in urdu and Pashto. His books in Urdu and language are ‘Wehshat Ka safer’ ,Pyas Nager mein Pehli Barish, Khazan ke sat mein Gulshan mein Laut Awonga (a nazam).The books in Pashto language include, jobal sparlay,Da intizar pa salib(nazm) and Katmala (a short story). Mian Latif Shah Shahid is one of the finest poets, short story writers, Novelists and Critics.This research paper analyses the structural and thematic make-up of the novel Jangzad.

Social Impact of the Gender Related Pashto Proverbs on the Life of Pashtun Woman

2024-02-22T06:11:04+00:00

Proverbs are a genre of the folk literature of any language and these are also a social discourse. As a social discourse, this genre has, through the use of language sustained the stereotypical image of woman. Through the stereotypical image of woman, the status quo about the inferiority of woman and the superiority of man has been maintained. Pashto sexist proverbs portray woman as weaker in faculties and potentials. For instance, woman has been projected by these proverbs as lacking in decision-making, intellect, leadership qualities, management skills and so on. On the basis of these weaker faculties, she has been excluded from the public and social sphere, which restricts her to the limited domain of the household. Woman through the discourse of proverbs, which is the cultural and traditional truth, has accepted the negative traits about herself as the only truth. In fact, she has also become the promoter of negative discourses about her own gender, depictive of her compliance to the traditional truth about her own gender. In short, it can be assumed that discrimination, exploitation, inequality and injustice towards woman has continued and she has submitted to it as her only fate. This article has critically analyzed the impact of all those proverbs, which have affected the social life of woman. The social impact of this discourse on her life is also reflective of the fact that language has been utilized as a tool for the exploitation of woman and so, in a similar way it can be utilized for the deconstruction of the negative discourses, which will open a way for her progress and advancement.

Contribution of Khaliqdad umeed to Pashtu televised Dramas

2024-02-22T06:05:40+00:00

Khaliqdad Omid is a versatile artist known for his diverse talents as a poet, writer, fiction author, actor, and playwright. Among his numerous artistic pursuits, it is his mastery of dramatization that has garnered him widespread acclaim and popularity. This article delves into the realm of Khaliqdad Omid's creative genius, with a particular focus on his contributions to the medium of television. His works, characterized by their compelling narratives and thought-provoking themes, have left an indelible mark on the world of televised drama. This review offers insights into the unique storytelling techniques, social commentary, and artistic brilliance that define Omid's television dramas, showcasing his enduring impact on the world of entertainment.

The National School of Khal: Assumptions and Fact

2024-02-22T06:01:13+00:00

Khal is part of District Dir and has a distinctive political, spiritual and educational background. The land has given birth to a number of personalities who earned name in educational, social and political fields. During the Dir State era, the Khal area remained a center place in the political and educational spheres. The British confidential documentary sources have also given space to the area and the developments that took place at that point of time. From the historical point of view, the establishment of National School at Khal is an important event. The National School was founded in 1922 and the historical accounts have provided different versions about it. Due to conflicting opinions of different writers, the actual characters and causes have been ignored and have not been explored as yet. In this article, an attempt has been made to provide a true picture of the important event in the light of authentic primary sources. The various queries about its foundation, the main characters responsible for its establishment, the supervision of the School, the duration of its existence, the numbers of enrolled students and its closure, will be answered.

Five School of thoughts in Pashto Poetry: An analytical study

2024-02-22T05:56:06+00:00

The evaluation and development of a society leads to increase in the knowledge with in the society researchers and expert categories. This knowledge according to literary standard this approach also apply to literature which is categories into different schools of thought based on the different philosophies involved. This classification not only provides information about the promotion, development, quantity and quality of literature but also helps with the identification of the particular literary school and their thought and writing style this identification enables researchers to view the writing literature with new perspectives ride's in conducting further analysis and the development of new schools of thought for this reason the research article, titled, five literary, school in Pashto literature In analytical study is a crucial and vital contribution to the develop merit of Pashto literature this research critical will also prove to be a valuable resource for researchers enabling them to further exam in literature with new perspectives.

Using Folk-tales and Translation Practices to Foster Critical Inter-cultural Awareness in EFL Classrooms: Lessons from Pakistan's Undergraduate Curriculum Reform

2024-02-22T05:47:45+00:00

This article explores the importance of integrating social justice pedagogy in English language classrooms to promote equity and empower students. The study focuses on an ongoing national curriculum reform project in Pakistan that aims to enhance project-based learning, local culture study, and a plurilingual approach. The first author participated in the reform project as a team member of national and international module developers. The project includes three teaching modules and a teacher training program for implementing critical pedagogy in English as a foreign language classrooms. The article examines the second module, which uses folk-tales and translation practices. By utilizing theoretical frameworks of plurilingualism and critical inter-cultural awareness, the study provides a detailed analysis of challenges and opportunities for transformative pedagogy in Pakistan's higher education context. The research questions revolve around the project's effectiveness, impact on critical intercultural awareness and multilingualism, and the impact of integrating social justice pedagogy on promoting equity and empowering students. The article contributes to the ongoing dialogue on transformational pedagogy and provides insights into effective practices that can help promote social justice and empower students.

The Concept of Aesthetics in Rahmatullah Dard's Poetry

2024-02-22T05:36:20+00:00

This article is written about the aesthetic concepts in the poetry of one of Pashto modern poets Rahmatullah Dard. Dard's aesthetic thoughts encompass wide array of ideas such as theory of objectivity and subjectivity, Utilitarianism, Einfuhlung, aesthetic unity, dynamic theory of aesthetics etc. Furthermore, this article briefly discusses various aspects of beauty hidden in Dard's poetry i.e., aesthetic sense, aesthetic taste, sublimity, notion of association, delicacy/tenderness, brackishness and perfectionism.

The Comparative Research Article of Khushal Khan Khattak and Other International Literary Figure

2024-02-21T10:46:32+00:00

In this scientific article, the comparison between the great Pashto poet Khushal Khan Khattak and international literary greats and the differences between them are discussed. In this scientific research article, the ancient Greek poet from then until the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy, the writers of the world have been compared with the great Khushal, especially Khushal and the English writer John Locke, Khushal and the German writer Lessing Khushal, and the Russian writer Pushkin and Khushal and the Russian writer Dostoyevsky. The article has been compared in terms of title, introduction, objective, material and agriculture, concluding discussion, abstract and figures.

he greatest poet of Pashto language, Mr.khushal khan khatak has been compared to the famous literary figures of the world and the similarities of their literary works has been clearly explored in this academic research article; the comparison has been started in this academic research article from the ancient Greek writers that expands to Russian writer leaf thulsthoy; particularly, all aspects of mr.khushal khan khatak's literary work has been compared to English writer john lock, German writer leasing. Russian writer poshkin, Russian writer thistaysky. The article has been concluded with adding abstract, preface, objectives, conclusion, debate and references to the article.

Salim Raz as a Progressive Poet

2024-02-21T10:41:26+00:00

Saleem Raaz was a progressive poet and writer. He dedicated his life to the well-being and prosperity of the poor, downtrodden and oppressed people of the society. His poetry shows that he was a true nationalist, but did not believe in narrow nationalism. He was a poet of love and peace. He fought against all kinds of tyranny, injustice, oppression, ignorance, poverty, war, exploitation, sectarianism and extremism.

A Critical Evaluation of the Short Stories of Syed Tahir Bukhari

2024-02-21T10:26:32+00:00

Syed Tahir Bukhari is a well-known author in Pashto Language and Literature. He was born in Lahore, District Swabi in 1930. He is a versatile writer. He writes Drama, Short story and Poetry and is a very good translator. He has translated many books of Hamza baba from Pashto to Urdu and vice versa. He is famous for his long short story in Pashto. His short stories are of international importance. Current affairs, Humanity Equality, Patriotism, Pashtoon Culture and folklore and many more universal facts are the basic themes of his short stories. This research paper is an attempt to introduce this versatile short story writer to the readers of Pashto and to Critically evaluate his short stories.

Tourism in The Reign of Miangul Abdul Haq Jahanzeb (1949-1969): A Historical Perspective on The Significance of Swat Hotel

2024-02-21T10:21:57+00:00

Swat State enjoyed a short life span of fifty four years as a princely entity. However, during the brief era from 1915 to 1969, the State left a rich legacy in different spheres of life. During the State era, a number of edifices were constructed on modern lines. The buildings that were erected in that era were unique and had distinctive architectural features. The state era buildings can still be seen in different parts of Swat, Shangla, Buner and Indus Kohistan. Interestingly, the bungalow/ guest house of the Prime Minister of Swat State witnessed different transformations over the last few decades. In this article, the measures taken for the promotion of tourism in the reign of Miangul Abdul Haq Jahanzeb will be discussed in general and the historical significance of Swat Hotel in particular.

Female writers of Pashtu literature in District Swabi

2024-02-21T10:10:43+00:00

In this paper an introductory attempt has been made to the female writers of thee Swabi District. Swabi is a very famous and well-known area of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, which is administratively known as Swabi District. This region has produced such great people in every field of the life, who are currently performing important services in all the institutions of the country. In the field of poetry and literature, famous writers and poets have been born here. Along with poetry, they have done important works in the field of literary prose, especially, significant works have been done in the field of drama, novel and short story. And hundreds of books and other literary works have been published here. Along with the male writers in this area, a large number of female writers have also done significant services for their language and literature. their books and other literary works have been published in all genres of literature.

د تخت بهائۍ کنډرات د ګندهارا تهذيب يوه ښکلي نمونه

2024-02-21T05:29:13+00:00

The Takht-I-Bhai area of Mardan has a special status of Buddhist monastery which is a beautiful example of Gandhara civilization. Every year, countless number of people from different parts of the country comes here to visit these historical places and observe the ancient relics of Gandhara civilization. Historians agree that thousands of years ago, Takht-I-Bhai was the cradle of Buddhism. Even now, the traces of that era can be clearly seen here. In this article we have tried to discuss about the historical significance of the Buddhist ruins of Takht-I-Bhai, Mardan.

The Impact of Pashtun Culture on Khatir Afridi Ghazal

2024-02-21T05:22:43+00:00

Culture may be defined as the way of life, customs, traditions, norms and values. Pashtuns are very lucky to have a very rich cultural assets and values. Most of their history is reflected by their cultural values including Folkloric Literature. This type of Literature unwritten in form and transmitted from one generation to other with respect and proud. Pashto poets also reflected their cultural values have in their poetry. Khatir Afridi is a renowned Pashto Poet, has tried to represent the cultural and Folkloric values in his poetry i-e Hujra, Jirga, Melastiya, Nanawaty, Badraga. For some of these cultural aspects, Khatir Afridi has placed them in his Ghazal and he has dressed these cultural aspects in poetry. This is the reason why Khater Afridi's ghazal has gained popularity among the people because the people of the Pashtun community have a lot of love for their culture. The same will be analyzed and discuss in this article in dept.

A critical review of the Intellectual Structure of the Romanticism and Its Basic Characteristics

2024-02-20T10:27:58+00:00

Romanticism refers to a cultural and artistic movement that emerged in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It was a reaction against the rationalism and restraint of the Age of Enlightenment and emphasized the power of emotion, individuality, imagination and nature. Romanticism encompassed various forms of art, literature, criticism, music and philosophy. It had a significant impact on literature, influencing the works of famous poets and writers such as William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lord Byron, Percy By Shelley and John Keats. In this research article, a brief critical review of the basic characteristics and intellectual structure of this cultural and literary movement (Romanticism) has been made.

Key words: romanticism, cultural movement, intellectual trend, western civilization, painting, architecture, historiography.

The Evolution of Blank Verse in Pashto literature

2024-02-20T08:55:16+00:00

A Blank Verse (Muarra Nazm) is a literary term that refers to poetry written in unrhymed but metered lines, in which an idea or an impression is expressed. It is a type of poem which belongs to an English origin. The term blank verse is a translation of the Italian.versi sciolti. This term was used for first time In Italy in sixteenth century and arrived from the Italian literature to Urdu through English literature and after from Urdu it’s come to Pashto literature.

In English and Urdu literature, there is some great name of poets in this genre of poetry, but in Pashto literature, this genre of poetry has not yet gotten like the same position as in other literature of Western or Urdu literature. However, some Pashtun writers and poets like Dr. Salma Shaheen, Dr. Abdullah Jan Abid and Dr. Farzana Ghani are argue that there are some poets who expressed his thoughts in this genre of poetry. among them are "Fazl Muhammad Mukhfi, Syed Rahat Zakheli, Muhammad Aslam Khan Kamali, Fazl Akbar Benwa, Muhammad Akbar Khadim, Abdul Manan Manan, Mia Azad Gul, Abdul Malik Fida, Abdul Akbar Khan Akbar, Samandar Khan Samandar, Sahibzada Idris, Fazal Rahim Saqi, Sher Muhammad Menush, Mir Rehman Ghazi and Amir Hamza Shinwari" etc.

Arzani Kheshgi, The Spiritual Follower of Shah Bahlol and His Stay in Patna, India on Directives on Shah Bahlol, A Critical Study

2024-02-20T05:48:10+00:00

This understudy research paper aims to investigate the nature, historical traces, and the spiritual affiliation of Arzani Kheshgi, the spiritual follower of Shah Bahlol, the follower of Qadria Qalandria schools of thought. The research is based on a manuscript found in Shah Hussain Tomb, Lahore written in 1072 AH by Sheikh Mahmood alias Muhammad Pir in Persian language. The manuscript is later translated to Urdu by Maulana Said Ahmad in 1922-23. The manuscript argues that Kheshgi was the spiritual brother of Hazrat Shah Hussain. The late Shah Hussain on the directives of his Sheikh, Shah Bahlol, has spiritually conveyed to Kheshgi to leave for Patna, India to preach Islam. The late Shah Hussain metaphysically (dreams of King Akbar) informed the King Akbar to force Kheshgi to leave for India on his spiritual journey. This statement negates the arguments made in Halnama by Ali Muhammad Muhlis, the spiritual follower of Pir Rohan. The discussion made in the manuscript is also supported by the malfozat of Shah Ghulam Najaf, the spiritual follower of Heshgi. Other than the manuscript and historical books, the Dewani Heshgi has also been thoroughly investigated for the research to trace his spiritual relations and teachings.

Linguistic, Literary and Cultural Impact of Afghan Refugees on Pashto language, literature and culture in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2024-02-20T05:36:49+00:00

The current study is about the linguistic, literary and cultural impact, which the stay of Afghan refugees have left on Pashto language, literature and culture of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. After the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, a huge influx of refugees took place to foreign lands in order to take shelter there during that time of crisis. A larger number of Afghan Pashtun refugees came to Pakistan, specifically to Peshawar the metropolitan of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and other parts of it. It is a well-known fact that migrants everywhere in the world influence the language, literature and culture of the natives and vice versa. Although the influence of local Pashto language, literature and culture on the Afghan Pashto language, literature and culture was minor, compared to the larger linguistic, literary and cultural influence of theirs on the local one. The undoubted reality remains that migrants do impact local cultures, languages and literature and so does it apply to the case of Afghan refugees in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, specifically in Peshawar. A significant impact of Afghan refugees on the local Pashtuns was an awareness in them about the identity of their language, literature and culture which was previously not known to them. So, many words of pure Pashto were brought into use in the native Pashto due to the very near contact of local Pashtuns with Afghan refugees. The migrant Afghan students and scholars conducted researches from the Pashto Academy and department, due to which, they benefitted themselves from one another’s experiences. The impact of the local language, literature and culture on the migrant language, literature and culture, language and literature was a minor one. The Afghan poets also adopted the genre of poetry known as Haiko due to the influence of local literature on theirs, which has provided an opportunity to their poets for the expression of a variety of subjects and themes. The local poets and writers intensely felt the anguish Afghan tragedy and its untold repercussions. So many Afghan terms and names of places were introduced by the locals into their writings. The local poets have specifically referred to the Afghan tragedy with deep anguish in their poetry.

Structure and Dynamics of Political Role of Religious Leadership: A Historical Investigation of The Role of Abdul Ghafoor and Wali Ahmad

2024-02-20T05:29:18+00:00

Swat, currently a district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan has a long history. The Yusufzai Afghans of Kabul occupied Swat in the sixteenth century, but they did not succeed in establishing a formal government and were divided into factions and lived in a tribal way, however during this time, the religious leaders played considerable political role in uniting the people of Swat. They have performed a great role in creating political awareness in the people of Swat. They mobilized and guided the people in time of trouble. On the basis of their influence, they altered the political history of Swat to a great extent. The present research aims at examining political role of two religious’ leaders, i.e Abdul Ghafoor and Wali Ahmad in Swat. Mostly, primary and reliable secondary sources have been used to build a logical and coherent argument in the article.